Yimiphi imikhosi yase-Afrika engcono kune-Halloween? Amazwe amaningi asentshonalanga agubha i-Halloween minyaka yonke ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba

Kubantu abaningi base-Afrika nabamnyama emhlabeni jikelele abangahambisani nomqondo walesi siko saseNtshonalanga, nansi imikhosi emihlanu yase-Afrika efana kakhulu ne-Halloween engaba yingxenye engcono futhi enenjongo yokugubha.

umkhosi Egungun - Nigeria

• lomkhosi Egungun ngumkhosi waminyaka yonke phakathi kwamaqembu Yoruba ikakhulukazi eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNigeria. 
• lomkhosi Egungun iqala ngonyaka kaNovemba futhi iphele ngo-Ephreli, ngaphambi kwemvula yaminyaka yonke.
• Umkhosi uwukugubha impilo yobuntu obalulekile bomphakathi owafa phakathi nonyaka.
• Egungun : liyizwi Yoruba okubhekisela kuyo maskers ngubani ohlasela emgwaqweni phakathi nomkhosi, edansa emoyeni wabaduni abachwephezi.

Kukholelwa ukuthi maskers bakhethwa onkulunkulu, abanikeza amandla akhethekile ukuxhumana nabafileyo futhi bajabulise okhokho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akekho ongakwazi ukugqoka ukugqoka futhi ahlanganyele ngomdanso wendabuko phakathi nomkhosi Egungun.

Iqembu liphawulwe ukunikeza isiqiniseko kwabafileyo bona izobakhumbula nokuthi bahlala benendawo ezweni labaphilayo. Umkhosi ungaba umbono ozowubuka njenge Egungun bagqoke ama-masks ahlelekile futhi anemibala futhi agqoke amadonsa nezingoma zendabuko Yoruba. "The I-parade iholwa umpristi ophakeme obiza imimoya. »

I-Fancy dress festival - Ghana

• lomkhosi Junkanoo uzalwa eGhana, eNtshonalanga Afrika, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezizwe Ahanta, fanti et I-Akan ngubani owubiza ngokuthi umkhosi wokuguqulwa. EGhana, umkhosi wokugubha ugujwa minyaka yonke ngesikhathi sikaKhisimusi nonyaka omusha. 
• Umkhosi otholakala naseBahamas ngokwesiko ohlelelwe uKhisimusi noNyaka Omusha, iBahamas Junkanoo Umkhosi namuhla ungenye yezenzakalo ezilindeleke kakhulu entwasahlobo. 
• Ebhekene nesimo esidala, uMnyango Wezokuvakasha unqume ukuwufaka phakathi nezinyanga zikaMeyi noJuni. 
• Ngaleso sikhathi, amasosha angakwazi ukufinyelela abantu be-1000 abuthana nxazonke izinombolo eziningi. Abaculi, abadansi kanye nabanye abaculi bahamba emigwaqweni yedolobha laseNassau ekuseni kakhulu, benza umculi womculo wokudansa nokudansa. 

Umkhosi uqhathaniswa ne-Halloween maduzane ngenxa yokufaniswa kwezingubo zakhe ezimnandi nezembatho, kodwa izakhi eziningi zamasiko azikwenzi njenge-Halloween-njengalindelekile. Kwaqala ku-1709, umkhosi wawuhlelwe ngokuhlonipha uJohn kenu (eyaziwa ngamaJalimane neDutch njengoJohane cani futhi iBrithani ngaphansi kwegama likaJohane Conny) ngokunqotshwa amaDashi ayebambe izweAhanta futhi wathengisa abantu bakhe ebugqilini.

Kulo mkhosi, i maskers azilimazi futhi azihlaseli, kodwa kubangele ukuhleka nokugubha phakathi kwabantu bendawo. Ama-masks abo ayimfihlo ayeklanyelwe ukumelela abamhlophe abahleka usulu lomncintiswano omnyama pendant eside. Umkhosi ubuye wathola indawo yayo eBahamas nasezingxenyeni zaseJamicaica ngendlela efanayo futhi kubhalwe ngaphandle kwesiko lokuphazamisa abaseNtshonalanga. EBahamas kwaziwa ngokuthi yiJunkanoo Festival, isiphingi esigama linguJohn kenu.

Isikebhe seWag / Paper Festival- Egypt

• umkhosi Wag umkhosi omdala kakhulu obuyele esikhathini se-pyramid kanye namaharahara. Egujwa ngokuhlonipha ukufa kuka-Osiris, lokhu kungenye yemikhosi endala kunazo zonke ezigujwa kuyo Egypt nase-Afrika.
• Ezikhathini zamuva, lo mkhosi ugujwa njengenhlonipho yemiphefumulo yabafileyo, uvumela ukuba baqale kahle futhi baqale uhambo olusha lokuya ngemva kokufa. Bacatshangwa ukuthi babantu abahle ngoba baholwa ngu-Osiris.
• Umkhosi, owaziwa nangokuthi unguSuku Lwabafileyo, ugubha phakathi negama lesikhukhula, okuvame ukuwa phakathi kukaJuni noSeptemba, lapho imifula ikhukhulwa yiNayile. Muva nje, umkhosi uhlelelwe i-18 noma i-Agasti 19 ngokusebenzisa ucwaningo nokuqonda ikhalenda lasendulo laseGibithe.

Ngesikhathi sedili wags, abantu benza izikebhe zamaphepha ezifakwa entshonalanga yeNayile futhi zikhombisa ukufa kuka-Osiris. Ngaphandle kokwakha izikebhe zamaphepha, kunenqwaba yewayini yokuphuza nokudla.

Famadihana- Madagascar 

• Le famadihana kuyisiko abanye abahumusha njengama-exhumation kuphela, kodwa akuhlangene nalokhu. 
• Abahambi bangase baxhumane ne- Ma'nene, isiko esenziwa esiqhingini sase-Indonesian IsiSulawesi, ehlanganisa ukuthungula, ukuhlanza nokugqoka abafileyo. 
• Le famadihana kuyinto isiko ehlukile, isiko eliyingqayizivele emhlabeni. Iyini imvelaphi yayo? Kuyini? Iyini umgomo? Izimpendulo.

Ukungena emathuneni omndeni, ukungena ezulwini

Ngesikhathi sokuzama ukuhlanganiswa kwemibuso yaseMadagascar Andrianampoinimerina (1745-1810), amasosha amaningi Merina sebefile ngaphambili. Inkosi, kuyisimo esidabukisayo sokungcwatshwa kude nekhaya. Wabe esehlongozela ukuthi abantu bakhe bakhe amathuna omndeni, wabe eseyala ukuthi kubuyiselwe izidumbu ukuze umuntu oshonile angajoyina umndeni wakhe. Lokhu kuphela kubalulekile, ngoba ngokusho kwenkolelo, kufana nokungena ezulwini.

• Le famadihana uye waba yisiko ngokuqondene ne-1814, ngesikhathi sokubusa kwendodana ka-Andrianampoinimerina, uRadama mina (1793-1828). Ngakho kwaqala Imerina, khona-ke amaqembu ezizwe asembusweni ohlangene nawo ayamukele. Umkhosi uhlelwe njalo yi-3, i-5 noma i-7 iminyaka futhi usuku lukhethwe ngu- mpanandro womndeni ohlelayo, umbhuli, shaman kanye nodokotela wendabuko. Kwenzeka njalo phakathi nenkathi eyomile (phakathi kukaJuni noSeptemba).

• Ingxenye yomphakathi wamaKristu, noma kunjalo, ishiye le masiko, ngenxa yokubhula kanye nemithandazo eyaqondiswa okhokho. Nokho, Le ngxenye yabantu baseMadagascar isiko kanye nesazisi, kufanele igcinwe ngendlela noma enye, ngisho noma izinguquko ezithile nezinkolelo kucasula.

Odo umkhosi - Nigeria

• E-Afrika, kuvame ukukholelwa ukuthi abafileyo banamandla okuzalwa kabusha nokuthi abahambanga noma abakhohliwe, kodwa bahlale bephila ngendlela engafanele. 
• Umkhosi we Igbo à Odo eNigeria kubonisa lezi zinkolelo zendabuko zase-Afrika.
  
• JN Ndukaku Amankulor, ofundisa e-University of Nigeria, ubhale kakhulu ngomkhosi waseNigeria obubonisa ukubuya kwabantu abaningi. 
• Phakathi kwe Igbo kusukela eNyakatho, lo mcimbi oyingqayizivele owubuciko uqhutshwa njalo eminyakeni emibili. Njengamasiko amaningi ase-Afrika, Igbo kholwa lokho "Abafileyo abasekho noma abakhohliwe" nokuthi basiza abaphilayo ngokubavikela emimoyeni emibi nasekuhleleleni ikusasa.
• Abafileyo banamandla okuzalwa kabusha futhi badlale indima ebalulekile ekusindeni kwansuku zonke kwesizwe:
• Abafileyo bazalwa kabusha emindenini yabo, lapho baqhubeka khona ukuphila okwesibili. 
• Esikhathini seNkathi Yezwe Lomhlaba esabelwe yi Igboabaphilayo baba abafileyo futhi abafileyo baba labo abangakazalwa.

Odo igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza abafileyo ababuyayo abachitha izinyanga eziyisithupha nabaphilayo phakathi nomkhosi. Zivela ngendlela yabalingiswa abesilisa nabesifazane abathintekayo abadlalwa ngamalungu omphakathi wezinkolo zokufa obani okufanele bagcinwe ngasese. Les Odo baqale babingiswa ngemikhosi bese beya emizini yabo yakudala, eguqulela ekuzijabuliseni nakwezinye izipho. Ukuhamba kwabo kubuhlungu futhi kufaka umphakathi emcimbini wekhefu elingokomzwelo ngaphambi kokubuya kweOdo.

Lo mkhosi omude ngumkhosi odinga amalungiselelo amaningi neminikelo yomphakathi. Abesifazane bahileleke kakhulu ekulungiseni ukudla kanye nemidlalo njengamalungu we-choir kanye nezethameli. Ukwakhiwa kwezimpahla zokugqoka kanye namaski ezenziwe ngamafayili ezitshalo, amaqabunga, amapharele kanye nempaphe, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamaqembu omculo kanye nemidlalo konke kwenziwa endaweni engcwele ngaphandle komuzi ophakathi. , lapho abahumushiOdo uhlala futhi usize ukuqeqesha abantu abasha. Ihlelo. Amalungu emikhaya yamazwe emiphakathini ekude ayophinde aphinde axhumane nezimpande zawo ngokuchitha isikhathi eside nemikhaya yawo ngenkathi ejabulela ukumelela okukhulu kwezinhlamvuOdo.

Ukuguqulwa kwabafileyo zibe yizinhlamvu zeOdo kuhilela amagama angamazwi kanye nokunyakaza okukhulu. Amaski ajwayelekile kakhulu, njenge-bamboo ingwenya yesikhumba kanye nengubo egqoke abantu abaningana, i-mask Ijele okuyinto ebusa isixuku futhi isetshenziswa njalo eminyakeni eyisikhombisa, kanye mask Onyekulufa, enziwe ngokuphelele utshani. Abalingiswa babonakala kalula nge-archetypes yabo. 

Njengasezweni labaphilayo, abafileyo bahlelwe njengabaphathi ezinesithupha izigaba: abadala, Odo unelungelo, Odo abasha Odo owesilisa, Odo female (izinhlobo ezincane nezindala), Odo ingane / usana Odo umoya kanye nesilwane Odo. Ekhulile futhi ebizwa Odo kubonakalisa ubudala, inhlonipho, inhlonipho nengcebo, besebenzisa amathrekhi, abalandeli nobuhlalu bokubonisa isimo sabo. Omunye wabalingiswa, Okikpe, ukhokho okhuphukela kumamitha ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye kanye nemiqulu emjikelezweni wokusebenza ngaphansi kwehlombe kanye nezintambo zezindlovu zendlovu ezithonywa amadoda aqoshwe emzaneni. Uhlola ikamelo futhi ahlale esihlalweni sobukhosi esivela lapho ezosingatha khona izenzakalo.